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Compare El Salvador (2001) - Tajikistan (2001)

Compare El Salvador (2001) z Tajikistan (2001)

 El Salvador (2001)Tajikistan (2001)
 El SalvadorTajikistan
Administrative divisions 14 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Ahuachapan, Cabanas, Chalatenango, Cuscatlan, La Libertad, La Paz, La Union, Morazan, San Miguel, San Salvador, Santa Ana, San Vicente, Sonsonate, Usulutan 2 oblasts (viloyatho, singular - viloyat) and one autonomous oblast* (viloyati mukhtori); Viloyati Mukhtori Kuhistoni Badakhshon* (Khorugh - formerly Khorog), Viloyati Khatlon (Qurghonteppa - formerly Kurgan-Tyube), Viloyati Leninobod (Khujand - formerly Leninabad)

note:
the administrative center name follows in parentheses
Age structure 0-14 years:
37.68% (male 1,198,623; female 1,151,584)

15-64 years:
57.27% (male 1,693,865; female 1,878,254)

65 years and over:
5.05% (male 142,345; female 172,991) (2001 est.)
0-14 years:
41.18% (male 1,367,194; female 1,341,967)

15-64 years:
54.22% (male 1,773,605; female 1,793,345)

65 years and over:
4.6% (male 131,009; female 171,561) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products coffee, sugar, corn, rice, beans, oilseed, cotton, sorghum; shrimp; beef, dairy products cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats
Airports 83 (2000 est.) 53 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
4

over 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
2 (2000 est.)
total:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
79

914 to 1,523 m:
17

under 914 m:
62 (2000 est.)
total:
51

over 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
12

under 914 m:
36 (2000 est.)
Area total:
21,040 sq km

land:
20,720 sq km

water:
320 sq km
total:
143,100 sq km

land:
142,700 sq km

water:
400 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Massachusetts slightly smaller than Wisconsin
Background El Salvador achieved independence from Spain in 1821 and from the Central American Federation in 1839. A 12-year civil war, which cost the lives of some 75,000 people, was brought to a close in 1992 when the government and leftist rebels signed a treaty that provided for military and political reforms. Tajikistan has experienced three changes in government and a five-year civil war since it gained independence in 1991 from the USSR. A peace agreement among rival factions was signed in 1997, and implementation reportedly completed by late 1999. Part of the agreement required the legalization of opposition political parties prior to the 1999 elections, which occurred, but such parties have made little progress in successful participation in government. Random criminal and political violence in the country remains a complication impairing Tajikistan's ability to engage internationally.
Birth rate 28.67 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 33.23 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues:
$1.8 billion

expenditures:
$2.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
revenues:
$146 million

expenditures:
$196 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Capital San Salvador Dushanbe
Climate tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season (November to April); tropical on coast; temperate in uplands midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains
Coastline 307 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution 23 December 1983 6 November 1994
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of El Salvador

conventional short form:
El Salvador

local long form:
Republica de El Salvador

local short form:
El Salvador
conventional long form:
Republic of Tajikistan

conventional short form:
Tajikistan

local long form:
Jumhurii Tojikiston

local short form:
none

former:
Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic
Currency Salvadoran colon (SVC); US dollar (USD) somoni
Death rate 6.18 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 8.57 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $4.1 billion (2000 est.) $1.3 billion (1999 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Rose M. LIKINS

embassy:
Boulevard Santa Elena Final, Antiguo Cuscatlan, La Libertad, San Salvador

mailing address:
Unit 3116, APO AA 34023

telephone:
[503] 278-4444

FAX:
[503] 278-6011
chief of mission:
Ambassador Robert P. J. FINN

embassy:
temporarily collocated with the US Embassy in Almaty (Kazakhstan)

mailing address:
use embassy street address

telephone:
NA

FAX:
NA
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Rene Antonio LEON Rodriguez

chancery:
2308 California Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 265-9671

consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Dallas, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, and San Francisco

consulate(s):
Boston
Tajikistan does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a permanent mission to the UN: address - 136 East 67th Street, New York, NY 10021, telephone - [1] (212) 472-7645, FAX - [1] (212) 628-0252; permanent representative to the UN is Rashid ALIMOV
Disputes - international with respect to the maritime boundary in the Golfo de Fonseca, the ICJ referred to the line determined by the 1900 Honduras-Nicaragua Mixed Boundary Commission and advised that some tripartite resolution among El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua likely would be required portions of Tajikistan's northern and western border with Uzbekistan and its eastern border with China have not been officially demarcated; territorial dispute with Kyrgyzstan on northern boundary in Isfara Valley area
Economic aid - recipient total $252 million; $57 million from US (1999 est.) $64.7 million (1995)
Economy - overview El Salvador is a struggling Central American economy which has been suffering from a weak tax collection system, factory closings, the aftermaths of Hurricane Mitch of 1998 and the devastating earthquakes of early 2001, and weak world coffee prices. On the bright side, in recent years inflation has fallen to single digit levels, and total exports have grown substantially. The trade deficit has been offset by remittances (an estimated $1.6 billion in 2000) from Salvadorans living abroad and by external aid. As of 1 January 2001, the US dollar was made legal tender alongside the colon. Tajikistan has the lowest per capita GDP among the 15 former Soviet republics. Cotton is the most important crop. Mineral resources, varied but limited in amount, include silver, gold, uranium, and tungsten. Industry consists only of a large aluminum plant, hydropower facilities, and small obsolete factories mostly in light industry and food processing. The Tajikistani economy has been gravely weakened by six years of civil conflict and by the loss of subsidies from Moscow and of markets for its products. Most of its people live in abject poverty. Tajikistan depends on aid from Russia and Uzbekistan and on international humanitarian assistance for much of its basic subsistence needs. The future of Tajikistan's economy and the potential for attracting foreign investment depend upon stability and continued progress in the peace process.
Electricity - consumption 3.638 billion kWh (1999) 14.729 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 208 million kWh (1999) 3.9 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 460 million kWh (1999) 4.1 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 3.641 billion kWh (1999) 15.623 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
45.65%

hydro:
41.01%

nuclear:
0%

other:
13.34% (1999)
fossil fuel:
1.9%

hydro:
98.1%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Cerro El Pital 2,730 m
lowest point:
Syrdariya 300 m

highest point:
Pik Imeni Ismail Samani 7,495 m
Environment - current issues deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution; contamination of soils from disposal of toxic wastes; Hurricane Mitch damage inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of soil salinity; industrial pollution; excessive pesticides; part of the basin of the shrinking Aral Sea suffers from severe overutilization of available water for irrigation and associated pollution
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Law of the Sea
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups mestizo 90%, Amerindian 1%, white 9% Tajik 64.9%, Uzbek 25%, Russian 3.5% (declining because of emigration), other 6.6%
Exchange rates Salvadoran colones per US dollar - 8.755 (fixed rate since 1993) Tajikistani somoni per US dollar - 2.2 (January 2001), 1550 (January 2000), 998 (January 1999), 350 (January 1997), 284 (January 1996)

note:
the new unit of exchange was introduced on 30 October 2000, with one somoni equal to 1,000 of the old Tajikistani rubles
Executive branch chief of state:
President Francisco FLORES Perez (since 1 June 1999); Vice President Carlos QUINTANILLA Schmidt (since 1 June 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Francisco FLORES Perez (since 1 June 1999); Vice President Carlos QUINTANILLA Schmidt (since 1 June 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
cabinet selected by the president

elections:
president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 7 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2004)

election results:
Francisco FLORES Perez elected president; percent of vote - Francisco FLORES (ARENA) 52%, Facundo GUARDADO (FMLN) 29%, Ruben ZAMORA (CDU) 7.5%, other (no individual above 3%) 11.5%
chief of state:
President Emomali RAHMONOV (since 6 November 1994; head of state and Supreme Assembly chairman since 19 November 1992)

head of government:
Prime Minister Oqil OQILOV (since 20 January 1999)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Supreme Assembly

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 6 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2006); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
Emomali RAHMONOV elected president; percent of vote - Emomali RAHMONOV 97%, Davlat USMON 2%
Exports $2.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000) $761 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities offshore assembly exports, coffee, sugar, shrimp, textiles, chemicals, electricity aluminum, electricity, cotton, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles
Exports - partners US 63%, Guatemala 11%, Honduras 7%, Costa Rica 4% (1999) Liechtenstein 26%, Uzbekistan 20%, Russia 8% (1998)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL; similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which has a different coat of arms centered in the white band - it features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a gold crown surmounted by seven gold, five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe
GDP purchasing power parity - $24 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $7.3 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
12%

industry:
28%

services:
60% (1999 est.)
agriculture:
19.8%

industry:
18.1%

services:
62.1% (1998)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $4,000 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $1,140 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 2.5% (2000 est.) 5.1% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 13 50 N, 88 55 W 39 00 N, 71 00 E
Geography - note smallest Central American country and only one without a coastline on Caribbean Sea landlocked
Heliports 1 (2000 est.) -
Highways total:
10,029 km

paved:
1,986 km (including 327 km of expressways)

unpaved:
8,043 km (1997)
total:
29,900 km

paved:
21,400 km (these roads are said to be hard-surfaced, and include, in addition to conventionally paved roads, some that are surfaced with gravel or other coarse aggregate, making them trafficable in all weather)

unpaved:
8,500 km (these roads are made of unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather) (1990)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
1.2%

highest 10%:
38.3% (1995)
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs transshipment point for cocaine; marijuana produced for local consumption; domestic drug abuse on the rise major transshipment zone for heroin and opiates from Afghanistan going to Russia and Western Europe; limited illicit cultivation of cannabis, mostly for domestic consumption
Imports $4.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000) $782 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities raw materials, consumer goods, capital goods, fuels, foodstuffs, petroleum, electricity electricity, petroleum products, aluminum oxide, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs
Imports - partners US 52%, Guatemala 9%, Mexico 6%, Costa Rica 3% (1999) Europe 32.3%, Uzbekistan 29%, Russia 13.6% (1998)
Independence 15 September 1821 (from Spain) 9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Industrial production growth rate 5% (2000 est.) 10% (2000 est.)
Industries food processing, beverages, petroleum, chemicals, fertilizer, textiles, furniture, light metals aluminum, zinc, lead, chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil, metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and freezers
Infant mortality rate 28.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 116.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.5% (2000 est.) 33% (2000 est.)
International organization participation BCIE, CACM, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), MINURSO, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO AsDB, CCC, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, IOC, IOM, ITU, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 4 (2000) NA
Irrigated land 1,200 sq km (1993 est.) 6,390 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are selected by the Legislative Assembly) Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)
Labor force 2.35 million (1999) 1.9 million (1996)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 30%, industry 15%, services 55% (1999 est.) agriculture 50%, industry 20%, services 30% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries total:
545 km

border countries:
Guatemala 203 km, Honduras 342 km
total:
3,651 km

border countries:
Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km
Land use arable land:
27%

permanent crops:
8%

permanent pastures:
29%

forests and woodland:
5%

other:
31% (1993 est.)
arable land:
6%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
25%

forests and woodland:
4%

other:
65% (1993 est.)
Languages Spanish, Nahua (among some Amerindians) Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business
Legal system based on civil and Roman law, with traces of common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa (84 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve three-year terms)

elections:
last held 12 March 2000 (next to be held NA March 2003)

election results:
percent of vote by party - ARENA 36.1%, FMLN 35.14%, PCN 8.76%, PDC 7.08%, CD 5.32%, PAN 3.75%, USC 1.47%, PLD 1.29%; seats by party - ARENA 28, FMLN 31, PCN 14, PDC 5, CD 3, PAN 1, independent 2
bicameral Supreme Assembly or Majlisi Oli consists of the Assembly of Representatives (lower chamber) or Majlisi Namoyandagon (63 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and National Assembly (upper chamber) or Majlisi Milliy (33 seats; members are indirectly elected, 25 selected by local deputies, 8 appointed by the president; all to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 27 February and 12 March 2000 for the Assembly of Representatives (next to be held NA 2005) and 23 March 2000 for the National Assembly (next to be held NA 2005)

election results:
Assembly of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDPT 65%, Communist Party 20%, Islamic Rebirth Party 7.5%, other 7.5%; seats by party - NA; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA
Life expectancy at birth total population:
70.03 years

male:
66.43 years

female:
73.81 years (2001 est.)
total population:
64.18 years

male:
61.09 years

female:
67.42 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 10 and over can read and write

total population:
71.5%

male:
73.5%

female:
69.8% (1995 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
98%

male:
99%

female:
97% (1989 est.)
Location Middle America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and Honduras Central Asia, west of China
Map references Central America and the Caribbean Commonwealth of Independent States
Maritime claims territorial sea:
200 NM
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine none (2000 est.) -
Military branches Army, Navy, Air Force Army, Air Force, Air Defense Forces, Presidential National Guard, Security Forces (internal and border troops)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $112 million (FY99) $17 million (FY97)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.7% (FY99) 1.8% (FY97)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
1,464,898 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
1,586,700 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
929,263 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
1,300,252 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age 18 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
68,103 (2001 est.)
males:
72,056 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 15 September (1821) Independence Day, 9 September (1991)
Nationality noun:
Salvadoran(s)

adjective:
Salvadoran
noun:
Tajikistani(s)

adjective:
Tajikistani
Natural hazards known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes very destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity NA
Natural resources hydropower, geothermal power, petroleum, arable land hydropower, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten, silver, gold
Net migration rate -3.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -3.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - natural gas 400 km (1992)
Political parties and leaders Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Rene AGUILUZ]; Democratic Convergence or CD (includes PSD, MNR, MPSC) [Ruben ZAMORA, secretary general]; Democratic Party or PD [Jorge MELENDEZ]; Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front or FMLN [Fabio CASTILLO]; Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Kirio Waldo SALGADO, president]; National Action Party or PAN [Gustavo Rogelio SALINAS, secretary general]; National Conciliation Party or PCN [Ciro CRUZ Zepeda, president]; National Republican Alliance or ARENA [Walter ARAUJO]; Social Christian Union or USC (formed by the merger of Christian Social Renewal Party or PRSC and Unity Movement or MU) [Abraham RODRIGUEZ, president] Congress of People's Unity of Tajikistan [Saiffidin TURAYEV]; Democratic Party or TDP [Mahmadruzi ISKANDAROV, chairman]; Islamic Rebirth Party [Muhammadsharif HIMMAT-ZODA, chairman]; Lali Badakhshan Movement [Atobek AMIRBEKOV]; National Movement Party [Hakim MUHHABATOV]; Party of Justice and Development [Rahmatullo ZOIROV]; People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMONOV]; Rastokhez (Rebirth) Movement [Tohiri ABDUJABBOR]; Socialist Party [Sherali KENJAEV]; Tajik Communist Party or CPT [Shodi SHABDOLOV]; Adolatho "Justice" Party [Abdurahmon KARIMOV, chairman]
Political pressure groups and leaders labor organizations - Electrical Industry Union of El Salvador or SIES; Federation of the Construction Industry, Similar Transport and other activities, or FESINCONTRANS; National Confederation of Salvadoran Workers or CNTS; National Union of Salvadoran Workers or UNTS; Port Industry Union of El Salvador or SIPES; Salvadoran Union of Ex-Petrolleros and Peasant Workers or USEPOC; Salvadoran Workers Central or CTS; Workers Union of Electrical Corporation or STCEL; business organizations - National Association of Small Enterprise or ANEP; Salvadoran Assembly Industry Association or ASIC; Salvadoran Industrial Association or ASI NA
Population 6,237,662 (July 2001 est.) 6,578,681 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 48% (1999 est.) 80% (2000 est.)
Population growth rate 1.85% (2001 est.) 2.12% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Acajutla, Puerto Cutuco, La Libertad, La Union, Puerto El Triunfo none
Radio broadcast stations AM 61 (plus 24 repeaters), FM 30, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 9, FM 6, shortwave 5 (1998)
Radios 2.75 million (1997) 1.291 million (1991)
Railways total:
562 km

narrow gauge:
562 km 0.914-m gauge

note:
length of route which is operational is reduced to 283 km by disuse and lack of maintainance (2001)
total:
480 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines (1990)
Religions Roman Catholic 86%

note:
there is extensive activity by Protestant groups throughout the country; by the end of 1992, there were an estimated 1 million Protestant evangelicals in El Salvador
Sunni Muslim 80%, Shi'a Muslim 5%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.9 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.82 male(s)/female

total population:
0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.99 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.76 male(s)/female

total population:
0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
NA

domestic:
nationwide microwave radio relay system

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System
general assessment:
poorly developed and not well maintained; many towns are not reached by the national network

domestic:
cable and microwave radio relay

international:
linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by Intelsat to international gateway switch in Ankara (Turkey); satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita and 2 Intelsat
Telephones - main lines in use 380,000 (1998) 363,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 40,163 (1997) 2,500 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 5 (1997) 0 (there are, however, repeaters that relay programs from Russia, Iran, and Turkey) (1997)
Terrain mostly mountains with narrow coastal belt and central plateau Pamir and Alay mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest
Total fertility rate 3.34 children born/woman (2001 est.) 4.29 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 10% (2000 est.) 5.7% includes only officially registered unemployed; also large numbers of underemployed workers and unregistered unemployed people (December 1998)
Waterways Rio Lempa partially navigable none
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